print, sprintf

print "hello world\n";

open( FH, ">fh.output"); 
print FH "there is no comma between 'FH' and this string \n"; 
close( FH);

The function sprintf returns a string, usage, e.g.: print sprintf "x = %g\n", $x;.

# integer
print sprintf "%d", $i;
print sprintf "%08d", $i;   # with up to 8 leading zeros
print sprintf "%x", $i;     # hexadecimal 

# exponential notation
print sprintf "<%e>", 10;   # prints <1.000000e+01>
print sprintf "<%.1e>", 10; # prints <1.0e+01>

# fixed decimal notation
print sprintf "<%f>", 1;    # prints <1.000000>
print sprintf "<%.1f>", 1;  # prints <1.0>
print sprintf "<%.0f>", 1;  # prints <1>

# %e or %g
print sprintf "%g", $x;

# strings
print sprintf "%s", $str;
print sprintf "%-s", $str;  # left aligned